Convolution: The primary purpose of Convolution in case of a CNNs is to extract features from the input image. Convolution preserves the spatial relationship between pixels by learning image features
In the computation above we slide the orange matrix over the original image (green) by 1 pixel (also called ‘stride’) and for every position, we compute element wise multiplication (between the two matrices) and add the multiplication outputs to get the final value which forms a single element of the output matrix (pink). Note that the 3×3 matrix “sees” only a part of the input image in each stride.
In CNNs terminology, the 3×3 matrix is called a ‘filter‘ or ‘kernel’ or ‘feature detector’ and the matrix formed by sliding the filter over the image and computing the dot product is called the ‘Convolved Feature’ or ‘Activation Map’ or the ‘Feature Map‘. It is important to note that filters acts as feature detectors from the original input image.
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